Installing a backsplash tile can greatly enhance the look of your kitchen or bathroom. However, getting the right tools and techniques is key to achieving a professional finish. One important consideration is selecting the proper trowel size for your backsplash tile installation. Here is a detailed guide on how to choose the right trowel size.
Introduction
The trowel is a vital tool when installing tile. It is used to spread the tile adhesive or “thinset” onto the surface before placing the tiles. The trowel’s teeth regulate the thickness and coverage of the thinset layer. Using the manufacturer’s recommended trowel size helps ensure proper coverage and adhesion.
Choosing the right trowel size depends on your backsplash tile size, type, and texture. As a general rule, the trowel size should match the tile length and width. But several other factors also impact the ideal trowel choice. Read on as we discuss in detail how to determine the proper trowel size for your specific backsplash tile project.
Factors That Determine Trowel Size
Backsplash Tile Size
The most critical factor is the size of your backsplash tiles. Smaller tiles require a smaller notch trowel, while larger tiles need a bigger one to achieve full coverage.
As a general guideline:
- Tiles under 2 inches wide – Use a 1/4 inch square notch trowel
- Tiles 2 to 6 inches wide – Use a 1/4 x 3/8 inch square notch trowel
- Tiles 6 inches and larger – Use a 1/2 x 1/2 inch square notch trowel
However, you should also consider the tile length, as longer tiles may need a wider trowel.
Tile Type
The type of tile also affects the trowel choice. Smoother, less porous tiles like glass and porcelain may require a smaller notched trowel. More textured tiles like natural stone and ceramic benefit from a larger trowel.
Mosaics and pebble tiles need maximum thinset coverage, so use a trowel on the wider end of the recommended range.
Tile Texture
Glazed, polished and flat tiles require less thinset than highly textured, porous and uneven tiles. So natural stone or ceramic tiles with rough textures may need a trowel one size larger than very smooth glass tiles, for example.
Thinset Requirements
Check the thinset packaging for any trowel size recommendations. Some mortars are designed for maximum coverage and may specify using a larger notch trowel.
Wall Material
Applying tile to uneven wall surfaces like concrete block, plaster or existing tile may benefit from a deeper tooth trowel to fill any voids and ensure adhesion.
Trowel Size Chart
This chart provides general trowel size guidelines depending on the tile dimensions:
| Tile Size | Recommended Trowel Size |
|-|-|
|Up to 2 x 2 inches | 1/4” Square Notch |
|2 x 2 inches to 4 x 4 inches | 1/4” x 3/8” Square Notch |
|4 x 4 inches to 6 x 6 inches | 1/2″ x 1/2″ Square Notch |
|6 x 6 inches and over | 1/2” x 1/2” Square Notch |
These are common trowel sizes, but check your tile and thinset for any specific recommendations.
How to Choose the Right Trowel
Follow these steps to select the proper trowel size:
- Measure the length and width of your tile.
- Check the tile and thinset packaging for trowel size suggestions.
- Consult the trowel chart to get an appropriate size range.
- Consider the tile type, texture, and wall material. Increase size for rough or uneven surfaces.
- Choose a trowel in the recommended range. Go slightly larger if unsure.
- Ensure you have 100% thinset coverage on the tile back after placing it.
- If not, increase trowel size and re-test on a spare tile before continuing.
It is better to use a slightly oversized trowel than risk insufficient coverage and adhesion issues down the line.
Trowel Features
Trowels come in many options, but here are the key features for backsplash tiling:
- Shape – Square notch is best for achieving consistent thinset layers.
- Handle – A curved handle promotes an ergonomic grip. Look for a rubber handle for comfort.
- Size – The width of the trowel head should exceed the tile width to allow full coverage.
- Teeth – Stiff sturdy teeth prevent bending or flattening while combing thinset.
- Materials – Metal trowels are rigid. Plastic is cheaper but flexes easier over time.
- Notch depth – Deeper notches allow thicker thinset application.
- Notch shape – Square notches provide consistent ridges. U-notches spread thinner coats.
How to Use a Tile Trowel
Once you’ve selected the right trowel, proper technique is key to achieving a smooth, even layer of thinset:
- Hold the trowel at a 45-degree angle to the surface.
- Apply pressure as you smooth the thinset horizontally in straight rows.
- Use an even motion to comb full notched rows into the thinset.
- Maintain trowel angle consistency and avoid rocking or bending.
- After placing the tile, check the back to ensure complete thinset contact.
- Use the flat edge to scrape off excess thinset and smooth joints between tiles.
- Clean the trowel fully before thinset dries using a trowel cleaner tool or mineral spirits for a quality result.
Trowel Tips
Follow these tips when selecting and using your tile trowel:
- Inspect trowels before starting to ensure the teeth are straight, rigid, and free of deformities.
- Keep a high-quality replacement trowel on hand in case teeth bend during installation.
- Apply only as much thinset as can be comfortably tiled over before drying.
- Discard thinset once drying begins, and mix fresh material as needed.
- Rinse trowels before extended breaks to prevent setting thinset from building up.
- Work methodically in small sections for best thinset coverage and easiest clean-up.
- Avoid “buttering” the tiles separately from the combed thinset rows.
Trowel Size FAQs
What size trowel should I use for 4×4 inch backsplash tile?
For 4×4 inch backsplash tiles, a 1/4 x 3/8 inch square notch trowel is ideal.
What if my tiles are 12×24 inches?
For large format 12×24 inch tiles, use a 1/2 x 1/2 trowel or potentially a 3/4 inch trowel depending on the tile texture and thinset requirements.
Can I use a smaller trowel if I butter the tiles separately?
It is not recommended. Applying thinset directly to tiles can trap air pockets. The proper trowel size combs consistently spaced rows to maximize coverage.
How do I clean excess thinset off a trowel?
Rinse in water before it dries or use a trowel cleaning tool. You can also soak in mineral spirits if needed to remove stubborn dried material.
Can I use a U-notch trowel instead of a square notch?
U-notches apply thinner coats so are not ideal for beginners. Stick with square notch for backsplashes to ensure proper coverage.
Conclusion
Choosing the proper trowel size helps ensure a successful backsplash installation. Take the tile dimensions, type, texture, and thinset requirements all into account when selecting an appropriate trowel. Aim slightly large if unsure between sizes. And be sure to use proper troweling technique to achieve maximum thinset coverage and a professional finish. Investing in quality trowels and learning expert techniques will pay off for years of enjoyment from your new backsplash.